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Modern dance originated in the 1920s, it started when dancers/choreographers rebelled against more ‘structured techniques’ and rules. For example, within ballet, you have a specific uniform and ballet shoes that must be worn, they went against all of this. As they favored a more freeing form of dance that was much ‘more relaxed’. The first dancer/choreographer to do this was Martha Graham, born on the 11th of May, 1894, in Pennsylvania and died at the age of 96 on the 1st of April, 1991. She was an American dancer and choreographer and by straying away from the strict technique she created the ‘Graham Technique’.
In many cases, Martha Graham has been considered the ‘Dancer of the Century’. In 1926 when she founded her own dance school, in Manhattan, which had close to 200 dancers. She then stepped away from the traditions and developed an innovative, non-traditional technique with forms of movement and emotional expression. This technique is now well known for having dramatic, unique, and expressive stylistic qualities, and was created to give movements a physical and emotional meaning. To start, she began to experiment with what movements are possible but aren’t traditionally done. These included elements of spirals, contractions, release, opposition, and shift of weight, as well as the use of breath within movement. Using these movements as a foundation for her new technique, she built on them and created a ‘vocabulary of movement’. Her dancing and choreography followed this technique and explored the elements of emotion and a plot, using movements that were sharp and angular. Her technique has inspired artists everywhere in theatre and dance, and it continues to, as it is taught in studios around the world.
Martha Graham produces many different solo and group pieces, Graham’s signature solo from 1930 is called ‘Lamentation’, which was considered to be ‘the essence of grief itself’. It uses music by Zoltán Kodály, and the costume and set are by Martha Graham herself. This piece premiered in New York City on the 8th of January, 1930. The dance is performed almost entirely from a seated position, with the dancer encased in a tube of purple jersey. This is done to show the tension and struggle created by the dancer’s body struggling within the material to create movement. Which represents ‘grief itself’.
In my opinion, Graham’s technique still has as much importance now as it did when it was generated, without it we wouldn’t have the styles that we do now. When it was created, Martha Graham kept it updated, adding new things and keeping it relevant, which is why it is still taught in classes today, however, choreographers are now adapting these movements and adding their own style into it. Making sure the foundations are correct and people are still learning what her technique was but adapting it. Martha Graham’s technique also has a lot of importance on social media, as her dance company has an Instagram page and her pieces can be found on YouTube. Their Instagram page is kept up to date with videos of her exercises and pieces to keep their followers involved and informed about what they do and her technique.
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